Are Chronic Pain, Numbness In Limbs Signs Of Arachnoiditis?

Arachnoiditis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the arachnoid mater, which is one of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, a doctor explains.

The body has a way of indicating any kind of underlying health issue via signs and symptoms. It is, therefore, important to always be on the lookout for any kind of sensation or discomfort within the body. In the case of arachnoiditis, for instance, there are many tell-tale signs. But, before that, let us understand what arachnoiditis really is. Dr Srinivas Botla, senior consultant neurosurgeon at Yashoda Hospitals Hyderabad explains that arachnoiditis is a condition that is characterised by inflammation of the arachnoid mater, which is one of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the arachnoid membrane that produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid that is used to nourish and protect the central nervous system. When there is inflammation, it can lead to the formation of 'scar tissue and adhesions', which can cause pain and neurological symptoms. Read on to find out more.

What Causes Arachnoiditis?

Dr Botla explains that the following six factors may be at play:

• Infections:Any kind of bacterial, viral or fungal infection can cause arachnoiditis.
• Trauma:A spinal cord injury or a traumatic brain injury can also be a factor.
• Surgery:Sometimes, spinal cord or brain surgery can cause arachnoiditis.
• Chemical irritation:Introduction of certain substances into the spinal canal, like contrast agents used in myelography, can cause irritation.
• Autoimmune disorders: Certain conditions like Behcet's disease can contribute to arachnoiditis.
• Compression over spinal cord:A herniated disc or a degenerated disc disease can cause this condition.
• Other:Chronic lumbar punctures or repeated spinal procedures.

What Are The Symptoms Of Arachnoiditis?

Watch out for the following symptoms:

• Chronic pain, often in the lower back or legs.
• Stiffness in the body or limited mobility.
• Tingling or numbness in the limbs.
• Muscle weakness, fatigue and cramps in the legs.
• Neurological problems like bladder control issues, sexual dysfunction, or difficulty walking.
• Spinal cord dysfunction in severe cases; symptoms may be severe, like difficulty in coordination and balance.
• Respiratory problems in severe cases

How Is The Diagnosis Done?

The doctor says that diagnosis is made in the following three methods:

Imaging:MRI or CT scans to identify changes in the spinal cord or surrounding tissues.

Patient's medical history:A thorough history of previous surgeries, injuries, or infections.

Lumbar puncture:It is done to analyse cerebrospinal fluid.

"Arachnoiditis is a chronic and debilitating condition, for which early diagnosis and treatment are crucial," the doctor says, adding that it is important to focus on alleviating symptoms and improving functional outcomes.

Treatment

Treatment options include:

• Pain management with medications.
• Steroids to reduce inflammation.
• Alternative therapies like acupuncture, massage, chiropractic therapy.
• Physical therapy with gentle exercises to improve mobility and strength; stretching and flexibility exercises.
• Surgical options in some cases to relieve pressure (decompression or fusion) on the spinal cord or nerves.
• Supportive care measures, which can improve the quality of life, such as occupational therapy or assistive devices.